Under physiological conditions, the number and function of microglia is tightly controlled by the local microenvironment and by interactions with surrounding cells. In this review, we will shed light on microglial activation depending on the disease context and the influence of factors such as aging, environment or cell-to-cell interaction.ĭepending on the anatomical region, microglia account for 0.5–16.6% of the total cell population in the human brain ( Lawson et al., 1992) and 5–12% in the mouse brain ( Mittelbronn et al., 2001). Microglial response is pathology dependent and affects to immune, metabolic. Microglia are also involved in synaptic organization, trophic neuronal support during development, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the developing brain, myelin turnover, control of neuronal excitability, phagocytic debris removal as well as brain protection and repair. Microglia represent a specialized population of macrophages-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) considered immune sentinels that are capable of orchestrating a potent inflammatory response. 2Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.1Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Sara Bachiller 1†, Itzia Jiménez-Ferrer 2†, Agnes Paulus 1†, Yiyi Yang 1†, Maria Swanberg 2, Tomas Deierborg 1 and Antonio Boza-Serrano 1*

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